A column transfers load to the next load-bearing part or the foundation. Height, stability, connections and foot construction are part of the assessment.
Column, upright and piers
Een column or upright is usually a predominantly vertical supporting part. A piers are a relatively narrow remaining wall part, for example next to an opening. Not every column is loaded exclusively on pressure: horizontal forces, eccentric forces load and portal action can also cause bending. Therefore, start with the complete connection at the top and bottom. The shape of the visible upright does not indicate how it works in the structural system.
What materials are used?
Steel columns can, for example, consist of H-sections or round and rectangular tubes. Wooden uprights are made of solid or composite wood. Concrete columns can prefab or dumped on site. Masonry piers and steel-concrete columns also occur. The choice depends on supporting function, space, connections, brand, appearance and design. A comparison based solely on weight or purchase price leaves out important parts of the solution.
Kink and effective length
A slender column may deflect sideways before the material strength is fully utilized. The sensitivity to this depends, among other things, on: cross section, length and the actual support conditions. A high, unbraced part works differently than a part that is demonstrably supported at multiple levels. The structural engineer determines the appropriate calculation design. A wall that rests against the column is not itself a designed lateral support.
From beam to base plate and footing
The power from the beam it must be possible to drain further via the column head and column base. Base plate, anchors, underlayment and poor are therefore not separate accessories. Depending on the system, anchors can also absorb tensile or horizontal forces. The detailing must match the concrete size and the available edge distances. Have position and height adjusted before concrete is poured or steel is produced.
Assembly and temporary stability
A loose column cannot yet receive support from the final floors or connections during installation. Therefore, determine the installation sequence, temporary support and lifting facilities with the executing parties. Check connecting dimensions and accessibility of bolts or welds. Deviating anchor positions may not be resolved at your own discretion with oversized holes or modified connections. Have the consequences assessed and incorporated into the current documents.
Your preparation in four steps
- Record column height and load
- Discuss lateral support and buckling
- Coordinate the column base and footing
- Check mounting and temporary stability
Frequently asked questions on this topic
Can a thicker column always do the same job?
Not without assessment. Connections, stiffness, foundation load and mounting can also change.
How many tons does a steel column carry?
This requires exact profile data, length, support conditions and forces. The material name alone does not provide a useful number.
Is a pad footing always needed?
The load can also be transferred to another designed foundation or supporting part. That follows from the system.
View the associated structural calculation, create your preparation list or take the guides and checklists along to the consultation.
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