A column transfers load to the next load-bearing part or the foundation. Height, stability, connections and foot construction are part of the assessment.
Column, upright and piers
A column or post is usually a mainly vertical load-bearing member. A masonry pier is a relatively narrow section of wall, for example beside an opening. Columns do not always carry compression alone: horizontal forces, eccentric loads and frame action can also cause bending. Start with the complete connections at the top and bottom. The visible shape of a post does not establish how it works within the structural system.
What materials are used?
Steel columns can, for example, consist of H-sections or round and rectangular tubes. Wooden uprights are made of solid or composite wood. Concrete columns can prefab or dumped on site. Masonry piers and steel-concrete columns also occur. The choice depends on supporting function, space, connections, brand, appearance and design. A comparison based solely on weight or purchase price leaves out important parts of the solution.
Buckling and effective length
A slender column may deflect sideways before the material strength is fully utilized. The sensitivity to this depends, among other things, on: cross section, length and the actual support conditions. A high, unbraced part works differently than a part that is demonstrably supported at multiple levels. The structural engineer determines the appropriate calculation design. A wall that rests against the column is not itself a designed lateral support.
From beam to base plate and footing
Forces from the beam must pass through the column head and base into the supporting structure. The base plate, anchors, grout and foundation pad therefore work together. Depending on the system, anchors may also resist tension or horizontal forces. Details must suit the concrete dimensions and available edge distances. Coordinate positions and levels before pouring concrete or fabricating steel.
Assembly and temporary stability
A loose column cannot yet receive support from the final floors or connections during installation. Therefore, determine the installation sequence, temporary support and lifting facilities with the executing parties. Check connecting dimensions and accessibility of bolts or welds. Deviating anchor positions may not be resolved at your own discretion with oversized holes or modified connections. Have the consequences assessed and incorporated into the current documents.
Your preparation in four steps
- Record column height and load
- Discuss lateral support and buckling
- Coordinate the column base and footing
- Check mounting and temporary stability
Frequently asked questions on this topic
Can a thicker column always do the same job?
Not without assessment. Connections, stiffness, foundation load and mounting can also change.
How many tons does a steel column carry?
This requires exact profile data, length, support conditions and forces. The material name alone does not provide a useful number.
Is a pad footing always needed?
The load can also be transferred to another designed foundation or supporting part. That follows from the system.
View the associated structural calculation, create your preparation list or take the guides and checklists along to the consultation.
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